The front axle is the steering axle, the rear two axles are powered, and the remaining four are lift axles. The largest of the standard European dump trucks is commonly called a "centipede" and has seven axles. The four-axle eight wheeler has two steering axles at the front and two powered axles at the rear and is limited to 32 metric tons (35 short tons 31 long tons) gross weight in most EU countries. Dump truck configurations are two, three, and four axles. Įuropean Union heavy trucks often have two steering axles. Most unpowered rear axles can be raised off the ground to minimize wear when the truck is empty or lightly loaded, and are commonly called "lift axles".
Unpowered axles are sometimes used to support extra weight. Tandem rear axles are almost always powered, front steering axles are also sometimes powered (4x4, 6圆). In the United States most standard dump trucks have one front steering axle and one (4x2 4-wheeler)) or two (6x4 6-wheeler) rear axles which typically have dual wheels on each side. Some bodies, typically for hauling grain, have swing-out doors for entering the box and a metering gate/chute in the center for a more controlled dumping. The tailgate (sometimes referred to as an end gate) can be configured to swing up on top hinges (and sometimes also to fold down on lower hinges) or it can be configured in the "High Lift Tailgate" format wherein pneumatic or hydraulic rams lift the gate open and up above the dump body. The bed is raised by a vertical hydraulic ram mounted under the front of the body (known as a front post hoist configuration), or a horizontal hydraulic ram and lever arrangement between the frame rails (known as an underbody hoist configuration), and the back of the bed is hinged at the back of the truck. Today, virtually all dump trucks operate by hydraulics and they come in a variety of configurations each designed to accomplish a specific task in the construction material supply chain.Ī standard dump truck is a truck chassis with a dump body mounted to the frame. In 1934 Euclid became the first manufacturer in the world to successfully produce a dedicated off-highway truck. Mack modified its existing trucks with varying success. įrom the 1930s Euclid, International-Harvester and Mack contributed to ongoing development. The operator turned a crank to raise and lower the box. The cable was connected to the lower front end of the wooden dump box which was attached by a pivot at the back of the truck frame. The lifting device was a winch attached to a cable that fed over sheave ( pulley) mounted on a mast behind the cab. Mawhinney attached a dump box to a flatbed truck in 1920. The first known Canadian dump truck was developed in Saint John, New Brunswick, when Robert T. Galion (now Galion Godwin Truck Body Co.) is the oldest known truck body manufacturer still in operation today. built all of the dump bodies offered by Ford on their heavy-duty AA and BB chassis during the 1930s. continued to grow after the war by manufacturing a number of express bodies and some smaller dump bodies that could be easily installed on either stock or converted (heavy-duty suspension and drivetrain) Model T chassis prior to 1920. Fruehauf became the premier supplier of dump trailers and their famed "bathtub dump" was considered to be the best by heavy haulers, road and mining construction firms. They offered hydraulic lift gates, hydraulic winches and a dump trailer for sales in the early 1920s. After the war, Fruehauf introduced hydraulics in his trailers.
August Fruehauf had obtained military contracts for his semi-trailer, invented in 1914 and later created the partner vehicle, the semi-truck for use in World War I. Such companies flourished during World War I due to massive wartime demand. Hydraulic dump beds were introduced by Wood Hoist Co. and Lauth-Juergens among many others around 1910.
The first motorized dump trucks in the United States were developed by small equipment companies such as The Fruehauf Trailer Corporation, Galion Buggy Co. Thornycroft developed a steam dust-cart in 1896 with a tipper mechanism. The dump truck is thought to have been first conceived in the farms of late 19th century western Europe. 1884, showing an early lever-based dumping mechanism
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